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About Library

, [Colombia]A library is a collection of information, sources, resources, and services: it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an [institution], or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of [book]s.

This collection and services are used by people who choose not to — or cannot afford to — purchase an extensive collection themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professional assistance with their research.

However, with the collection of [data storage device] other than books for [recording], many libraries are now also repositories and access points for [map]s, [print room]s, or other [documents] and [Work of art]s on various storage media such as [microform] (microfilm/microfiche), [audio tape]s, [Compact disc]s, [Gramophone record]s, [compact cassette], [videotape]s, and [DVD]s. Libraries may also provide public facilities to access [CD-ROM]s, subscription databases, and the [Internet].

Thus, modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access to [information] in many formats and from many sources. In addition to providing materials, they also provide the services of specialists, [librarian]s, who are experts at finding and organizing information and at interpreting information needs.

More recently, libraries are understood as extending beyond the physical walls of a building, by including material accessible by electronic means, and by providing the assistance of librarians in navigating and analyzing tremendous amounts of knowledge with a variety of digital tools.

The term "library" has itself acquired a secondary meaning: "a collection of useful material for common use," and in this sense is used in fields such as [computer science], [mathematics] and [statistics], [Library (electronics)] and [Library (biology)].

History branch of the [National Library of Iran]The first libraries were only partly libraries, being composed for the most part of unpublished [document]s, which are usually viewed as [archives], not libraries. Archaeological findings from the ancient [city-states] of [Sumer] have revealed temple rooms full of [clay tablet]s in [cuneiform script]. These archives were made up almost completely of the records of commercial transactions or inventories, with only a few documents touching theological matters, historical records or legends. Things were much the same in the government and temple records on [papyrus] of [Ancient Egypt].

The earliest discovered private archives were kept at [Ugarit]; besides correspondence and inventories, texts of myths may have been standardized practice-texts for teaching new scribes.

Private or personal libraries made up of [non-fiction] and [fiction] books (as opposed to the state or institutional records kept in archives) first appeared in [classical Greece]. The first ones appeared some time near the [5th century BC]. The celebrated book collectors of Hellenistic Antiquity were listed in the late second century in [Deipnosophistae]:Epitome of Book I

All these libraries were Greek; the cultivated Hellenized diners in Deipnosophistae pass over the libraries of Rome in silence. At the [Villa of the Papyri] at Herculaneum, apparently the villa of Caesar's father-in-law, the Greek library has been partly preserved in volcanic ash; archaeologists speculate that a Latin library, kept separate from the Greek one, may await discovery at the site.

Libraries were filled with [parchment] [scroll (parchment)] as at Pergamum and on [papyrus] scrolls as at Alexandria: export of prepared writing materials was a staple of commerce. There were a few institutional or royal libraries like the [Library of Alexandria] which were open to an educated public, but on the whole collections were private. In those rare cases where it was possible for a scholar to consult library books there seems to have been no direct access to the stacks. In all recorded cases the books were kept in a relatively small room where the staff went to get them for the readers, who had to consult them in an adjoining hall or covered walkway.

Little is known about early [China] libraries, save what is written about the imperial library which began with the [Qin Dynasty]. One of the curators of the imperial library in the [Han Dynasty] is believed to have been the first to establish a library classification system and the first book notation system. At this time the library catalog was written on scrolls of fine [silk] and stored in silk bags. There is also evidence of those libraries at [Nippur] of about 1900 B.C. and those at [Nineveh] of about 700 B.C. as showing a [library classification] system.The American International Encyclopedia, J.J. Little & Ives, New York 1954, Volume IX at [University of California, San Diego], with its unique [architecture], is a [San Diego, California] [landmark].In [Iran] many libraries were established by the [Zoroastrian] elite and the [Persian Kings]. Among the first ones was a royal library in [Isfahan (city)]. One of the most important public libraries established around 667 AD in south-western [Iran] was the [Library of Gundishapur]. It was a part of a bigger scientific complex located at the [Academy of Gundishapur].

In the West, the first public libraries were established under the [Roman Empire] as each succeeding emperor strove to open one or many which outshone that of his predecessor. Unlike the Greek libraries, readers had direct access to the scrolls, which were kept on shelves built into the walls of a large room. Reading or copying was normally done in the room itself. The surviving records give only a few instances of lending features. As a rule Roman public libraries were bilingual: they had a Latin room and a Greek room. Most of the large [Roman bath]s were also cultural centers, built from the start with a library, with the usual two room arrangement for Greek and Latin texts.

In the sixth century, at the very close of the Classical period, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those of Constantinople and Alexandria. [Cassiodorus], minister to Theodoric, established a monastery at Vivarium in the heel of Italy with a library where he attempted to bring Greek learning to Latin readers and preserve texts both sacred and secular for future generations. As its unofficial librarian, Cassiodorus not only collected as many manuscripts as he could, he also wrote treatises aimed at instructing his monks in the proper uses of reading and methods for copying texts accurately. In the end, however, the library at Vivarium was dispersed and lost within a century.

Elsewhere in the [Early Middle Ages], after the [fall of the Western Roman Empire] and before the rise of the large Western [Christianity] [monastery] libraries beginning at [Montecassino], libraries were found in scattered places in the Christian [Middle East]. Upon the rise of [Islam], libraries in newly Islamic lands knew a brief period of expansion in the Middle East, [North Africa], [Sicily] and [Spain]. Like the Christian libraries, they mostly contained books which were made of [paper], and took a [codex] or modern form instead of scrolls; they could be found in mosques, private homes, and universities. In Aleppo, for example the largest and probably the oldest mosque library, the Sufiya, located at the city's Grand Umayyad Mosque, contained a large book collection of which 10 000 volumes were reportedly bequeathed by the city's most famous ruler, Prince Sayf al-Dawla. Some mosques sponsored [public library]. [Ibn al-Nadim]'s bibliography Fihrist demonstrates the devotion of medieval Muslim scholars to books and reliable sources; it contains a description of thousands of books circulating in the Islamic world circa [1000], including an entire section for books about the doctrines of other religions. Unfortunately, modern Islamic libraries for the most part do not hold these antique books; many were lost, [Battle of Baghdad (1258)], or removed to European libraries and museums during the colonial period.

By the [8th century] first Iranians and then Arabs had imported the craft of paper making from China, with a mill already at work in [Baghdad] in [794]. By the [9th century] completely public libraries started to appear in many Islamic cities. They were called "halls of Science" or dar al-'ilm. They were each endowed by Islamic sects with the purpose of representing their tenets as well as promoting the dissemination of secular knowledge. The 9th century Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil of Iraq, even ordered the construction of a ‘zawiyat qurra literally an enclosure for readers which was `lavishly furnished and equipped.' In Shiraz Adhud al-Daula (d. 983CE) set up a library, described by the medieval historian, al-Muqaddasi, as`a complex of buildings surrounded by gardens with lakes and waterways. The buildings were topped with domes, and comprised an upper and a lower story with a total, according to the chief official, of 360 rooms.... In each department, catalogues were placed on a shelf... the rooms were furnished with carpets...'. The libraries often employed translators and copyists in large numbers, in order to render into Arabic the bulk of the available Persian, Greek and Roman non-fiction and the classics of literature. This flowering of Islamic learning ceased after a few centuries as the Islamic world began to turn against experimentation and learning. After a few centuries many of these libraries were destroyed by [Mongolia]n invasion. Others were victim of wars and religious strife in the Islamic world. However, a few examples of these medieval libraries, such as the libraries of [Chinguetti] in [West Africa], remain intact and relatively unchanged even today. Another ancient library from this period which is still operational and expanding is the [Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi] in the Iranian city of [Mashhad], which has been operating for more than six centuries.

The contents of these Islamic libraries were copied by Christian monks in Muslim/Christian border areas, particularly Spain and Sicily. From there they eventually made their way into other parts of Christian [Europe]. These copies joined works that had been preserved directly by Christian monks from Greek and Roman originals, as well as copies Western Christian monks made of [Byzantine Empire] works. The resulting conglomerate libraries are the basis of every modern library today.

Medieval library design reflected the fact that these manuscripts--created via the labor-intensive process of hand copying--were valuable possessions. Library architecture developed in response to the need for security. Librarians often chained books to [lectern]s, [armaria] (wooden chests), or [bookshelf], in well-lit rooms. Despite this protectiveness, many libraries were willing to lend their books if provided with security deposits (usually money or a book of equal value). Monastic libraries lent and borrowed books from each other frequently and lending policy was often theologically grounded. For example, the Franciscan monasteries loaned books to each other without a security deposit since according to their vow of poverty only the entire order could own property. In 1212 the council of Paris condemned those monasteries that still forbade loaning books, reminding them that lending is "one of the chief works of mercy."

The earliest example in England of a library to be endowed for the benefit of users who were not members of an institution such as a cathedral or college was the [Francis Trigge Chained Library] in [Grantham], [Lincolnshire], established in 1598. The library still exists and can justifiably claim to be the forerunner of later public library systems.

The early libraries located in monastic [cloister]s and associated with [scriptorium] were collections of lecterns with books chained to them. Shelves built above and between back-to-back lecterns were the beginning of [bookpress]es. The chain was attached at the fore-edge of a book rather than to its spine. Book presses came to be arranged in [carrel desk] (perpendicular to the walls and therefore to the windows) in order to maximize lighting, with low bookcases in front of the windows. This stall system (fixed bookcases perpendicular to exterior walls pierced by closely spaced windows) was characteristic of [England] institutional libraries. In [Continental Europe] libraries, bookcases were arranged parallel to and against the walls. This wall system was first introduced on a large scale in Spain's [El Escorial].

As books became more common, the need for chaining them lessened. But as the number of books in libraries increased, so did the need for compact storage and access with adequate lighting, giving birth to the stack system, which involved keeping a library's collection of books in a space separate from the [reading room], an arrangement which arose in the [19th century]. Book stacks quickly evolved into a fairly standard form in which the [cast iron] and [steel] frameworks supporting the bookshelves also supported the floors, which often were built of translucent blocks to permit the passage of light (but were not transparent, for reasons of modesty). With the introduction of [Electric light], it had a huge impact on how the library [lighting in libraries]. Also, the use of glass floors was largely discontinued, though floors were still often composed of metal grating to allow air to circulate in multi-story stacks.Ultimately, even more space was needed, and a method of moving shelves on tracks (compact shelving) was introduced to cut down on otherwise wasted aisle space.

Types of libraries Libraries can be divided into categories by several methods:

by the entity (institution, municipality, or corporate body) that supports or perpetuates them

[School library]
[public library]
[Private library]
corporate libraries
government libraries
[Academic library]
[historical society] libraries

by the type of documents or materials they hold

[digital library]
[data library]
picture (photograph) libraries
slide libraries
[list of tool-lending libraries]

by the subject matter of documents they hold

architecture libraries
fine arts libraries
[Law library]
[Medical library]
military libraries
theological libraries (See: [Theological Libraries and Librarianship])

by the users they serve

military communities
users who are blind or visually/physically handicapped (see [National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped])

by traditional professional divisions:

[Academic libraries] — These libraries are located on the campuses of colleges and universities and serve primarily the students and faculty of that and other academic institutions. Some academic libraries, especially those at public institutions, are accessible to of the general public in whole or in part.
[School library] — Most public and private primary and secondary schools have libraries designed to support the school's curriculum.
[Research library] — These libraries are intended for supporting scholarly research, and therefore maintain permanent collections and attempt to provide access to all necessary material. Research libraries are most often [academic libraries] or [national libraries], but many large [special libraries] have research libraries within their special field and a very few of the largest public libraries also serve as research libraries.
[public library] or public lending libraries — These libraries provide service to the general public and make at least some of their books available for borrowing, so that readers may use them at home over a period of days or weeks. Typically, libraries issue [library card]s to community members wishing to borrow books. Many public libraries also serve as community organizations that provide free services and events to the public, such as reading groups and toddler story time.
Special libraries — All other libraries fall into this category. Many private businesses and public organizations, including hospitals, museums, research laboratories, law firms, and many government departments and agencies, maintain their own libraries for the use of their employees in doing specialized research related to their work. Special libraries may or may not be accessible to some identified part of the general public. Branches of a large academic or research libraries dealing with particular subjects are also usually called "special libraries": they are generally associated with one or more academic departments. Special libraries are distinguished from [special collections], which are branches or parts of a library intended for rare books, manuscripts, and similar material.

The final method of dividing library types is also the simplest. Many institutions make a distinction between circulating libraries (where materials are expected and intended to be loaned to patrons, institutions, or other libraries) and collecting libraries (where the materials are selected on a basis of their natures or subject matter). Many modern libraries are a mixture of both, as they contain a general collection for circulation, and a reference collection which is often more specialized, as well as restricted to the library premises.

Also, the governments of most major countries support [national library]. Three noteworthy examples are the U.S. [Library of Congress], Canada's [Library and Archives Canada], and the [British Library]. A typically broad sample of libraries in one state in the U.S. can be explored at Every Library In Illinois.

Organization Libraries have materials arranged in a specified order according to a [library classification] system, so that items may be located quickly and collections may be browsed efficiently. Some libraries have additional galleries beyond the public ones, where reference materials are stored. These reference stacks may be open to selected members of the public. Others require patrons to submit a "stack request," which is a request for an assistant to retrieve the material from the closed stacks.

Larger libraries are often broken down into departments staffed by both paraprofessionals and professional [librarian]s.

Circulation handles user accounts and the loaning/returning and shelving of materials.
Technical Services works behind the scenes cataloguing and processing new materials and deaccessioning weeded materials.
Reference staffs a [reference desk] answering user questions (using structured [reference interview]s), instructing users, and developing library programming. Reference may be further broken down by user groups or materials; common collections are [children's literature], [young adult literature], and [genealogy] materials.
Collection Development orders materials and maintains materials budgets.

Library use Library patrons may not know how to use a library effectively. This can be due to lack of early exposure, shyness, or anxiety and fear of displaying ignorance. In United States [public library], beginning in the 19th century these problems drove the emergence of the [library instruction] movement, which advocated library user education. One of the early leaders was [John Cotton Dana]. The basic form of library instruction is generally known as [information literacy].

Libraries inform their users of what materials are available in their collections and how to access that information. Before the computer age, this was accomplished by the card [library catalog] — a cabinet containing many drawers filled with [index card]s that identified books and other materials. In a large library, the card catalog often filled a large room. The emergence of the [Internet], however, has led to the adoption of electronic catalog databases (often referred to as "webcats" or as [OPAC]s, for "online public access catalog"), which allow users to search the library's holdings from any location with Internet access. This style of catalog maintenance is compatible with new types of libraries, such as [digital library] and [distributed library], as well as older libraries that have been retrofitted. Electronic catalog databases are disfavored by some who believe that the old card catalog system was both easier to navigate and allowed retention of information, by writing directly on the cards, that is lost in the electronic systems. This argument is analogous to the debate over paper books and [e-book]s. While they have been accused of precipitously throwing out valuable information in card catalogs, most modern libraries have nonetheless made the movement to electronic catalog databases.

[Finland] has the highest number of registered book borrowers per capita in the world. Over half of Finland's population are registered borrowers.

Library management Basic tasks in [library management] include the planning of acquisitions (which materials the library should acquire, by purchase or otherwise), [library classification] of acquired materials, preservation of materials (especially rare and fragile archival materials such as manuscripts), the deaccessioning of materials, patron borrowing of materials, and developing and administering library computer systems. More long-term issues include the planning of the construction of new libraries or extensions to existing ones, and the development and implementation of outreach services and reading-enhancement services (such as adult literacy and children's programming).

See [public library] for funding issues for public libraries.

Famous libraries Some of the greatest libraries in the world are research libraries. The most famous ones include The Humanities and Social Sciences Library of the [New York Public Library] in [Education in New York City], the [Russian National Library] in [St Petersburg], the [British Library] in [London], [Bibliothèque nationale de France] in [Paris], and the [Library of Congress] in [Washington, D.C.].

[Assurbanipal]'s library at [Nineveh], founded between [669 BC]-[631 BC].
[Egypt]'s [Library of Alexandria] (founded in [3rd century BC]) and modern [Bibliotheca Alexandrina].
[Baghdad]'s [House of Wisdom], founded in [8th century].
[Al-Andalus]'s library of [Córdoba, Spain], founded in [9th century].
[Egypt]'s library of [Cairo], founded in [10th century].
[Tripoli, Lebanon]'s Dar il-'ilm, destroyed in [1109].
[Ambrosian Library] in [Milan] opened to the public, [December 8], [1609].
[Bibliothèque Nationale de France] (BNF) in [Paris], [1720].
[Boston Public Library] in [Boston, Massachusetts], [1826].
[Bodleian Library] at [University of Oxford] [1602], books collection begin around [1252].
[Boston Public Library], an early public lending library in America, was established in [1848].
[British Library] in [London] created in [1973] by the British Library Act of 1972 (Originally part of the [British Museum] founded 1753).
[British Library of Political and Economic Science] in [London], [1896].
[Butler Library] at [Columbia University], [1934]
[Cambridge University Library] at [University of Cambridge], 1931.
[Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh] in [Pittsburgh], [1895].
[Carolina Rediviva] at [Uppsala University], [1841]
[Dutch Royal Library] in [The Hague], 1798
[The European Library], 2004
[Firestone Library] at [Princeton University], 1948
[Fisher Library] at the [University of Sydney] (largest in the [Southern Hemisphere]), 1908
Franklin Public Library in [Franklin, Massachusetts] (the first public library in the U.S.; original books donated by Benjamin Franklin in [1731])
[Free Library of Philadelphia] in [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] established [February 18], [1891].
[Garrison Library] in [Gibraltar], [1793].
[Harold B. Lee Library] at [Brigham Young University], [1924], probably the largest single-building university library in the world.
[Haskell Free Library and Opera House], which straddles the Canada-US border.
[House of Commons Library], [Westminster], [London]. Established 1818.
[Jenkins Law Library] in [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] founded [1802].
[Jewish National and University Library] in [Jerusalem], [Israel], 1892.
[John Rylands Library] in [Manchester] 1972.
[Leiden University Library] at [Leiden University] in [Leiden] began at 1575 with confiscated monastery books. Officially open in October 31, 1587.
[Library of Congress] in [Washington, D.C.] 1800.
[Library of Sir Thomas Browne], 1711
[Mitchell Library] in [Glasgow] (Europe's largest public reference library)
National Library of Belarus in [Minsk], 2006.
[National Library of Australia] in [Canberra], [Australia]
[National Library of Iran], 1937.
[National Library of Ireland] in [Dublin], 1877.
[National Library of Scotland] in [Edinburgh], 1925.
[National Library of Wales] in [Aberystwyth], 1907.
[New York Public Library] in [New York City]
[Osler Library of the History of Medicine], [McGill University], [Montreal], [Canada]
[Powell Library] at [UCLA], part of the [UCLA Library].
[Royal Library, Copenhagen] in [Copenhagen], 1793.
[Russian State Library] in [Moscow], 1862.
[Sassanid Empire]'s ancient [Library of Gondishapur] around [489].
[Seattle Central Library]
[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin] in [Berlin]
[State Library of New South Wales] in [Sydney]
[State Library of Victoria] in [Melbourne]
[Sterling Memorial Library] at [Yale University], 1931.
St. Marys Church, Reigate, Surrey houses the first public lending library in England. Opened [14 March] [1701].
The St. Phillips Church Parsonage Provincial Library, established in [1698] in Charleston, South Carolina, was the first public lending library in the American Colonies. See also [Benjamin Franklin]'s free [public library] in [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania].
[Vatican Library] in [Vatican City], [1448] (but existed before).
[Widener Library] at [Harvard University] ([Harvard University Library] including all branches has the largest academic collection overall.)

Some libraries devoted to a single subject:

[Chess libraries]
[Esperanto library]
[Family History Library] in [Salt Lake City, Utah], the world's largest genealogy library.

For more extensive lists, see

[:Category:Libraries]
[List of libraries]
[List of national libraries]

Library

Questions and Answers

Sharing an iTunes library??

Q) Read some websties and even the Apple support pages but not sure if I'm just missing something obvious. I have two laptop computers and one external hard drive all networked together. I have saved my entire CD collection onto the external hard drive, and can access them all from either laptop fine. However my problem is if I add a new CD to the collection... the other laptop doesn't know it exists until I import it..... Is there anyway I can just have the iTunes libary file on the external hard drive? So both laptops use the same library file? According to the Apple website if you delete / move the library from your c:/mydocumnets... then next time you start itunes it just creates a new blank one. I have tried changing the location of "my music folder" to the hard drive, but this seems to have no relation to the library file? I don't want to do the "share library" thing that allows access to my latop. I want to be able to access the library on the external drive!

A) probabbly not possible, computers are mean..

The library are giving away free book packs to children, just thought id let all parents know.?

Q) I found out that if your child is under 4 years old, he/she is entittled to a free smartstart book pack from the library. All you need to do is phone your library to make sure they have some in stock, and then take with you your childs red health record book. My daughter got hers yestarday, she got crayola crayons, colouring book, 2 free thick cardboard books, a library card ect.....All of this is free. There are 3 ages 0 - 12 months 18 - 30 months 36 - 48 months here is the link http://www.youbabybookmagic.org.uk/book_signup.php

A) Thanks, I'll get on to it straight away. XXXX

Ipod library problems?

Q) When I update the ipod itunes software you lose your full library of tunes ( the library has no contents ) the problem I have is that when you connect your ipod the itunes wants to completely update its files by wiping the drive clean. How do you save the contents in file form and re import this file back to the new itunes update?. I have tried to export song list and a xml file and then reimport these to update itunes but this wont work. I have a laptop and cannot store all my mp3 on this and after adding remove the music from the computer but leave the details in library. Why wont itunes accept xmls copied from previous versions on tunes , help please

A) it shouldnt be doing that. when i download the lastest version of itunes...it doesnt wipe my music..it trasfers it all..hmm something is wrong there...

The library are giving away free book packs to children, just thought id let all parents know?

Q) I found out that if your child is under 4 years old, he/she is entittled to a free smartstart book pack from the library. All you need to do is phone your library to make sure they have some in stock, and then take with you your childs red health record book. My daughter got hers yestarday, she got crayola crayons, colouring book, 2 free thick cardboard books, a library card ect.....All of this is free. There are 3 ages 0 - 12 months 18 - 30 months 36 - 48 months http://www.youbabybookmagic.org.uk/book_signup.php

A) thank you for posting this. and to the kids I have one word- READ, READ, READ, and READ some more- you guys are the only way out of this mess that society is in

Ipod / Itunes library problem?

Q) Ok, I've reached the point where my Itunes library is a lot bigger than the space I have on my Ipod. I want to put new stuff on my Ipod without having to delete older stuff from my Itunes library. I thought it was just a matter of unticking tracks from my Itunes library but I've unticked a load of stuff and when the Ipod is connected it doesn't delete the unticked tracks and put the new tracks onto the Ipod. Any idea what I'm doing wrong? Thanks in advance.

A) right click the track you want off the ipod and itunes and then click clear.

library-4yr old- HELP?

Q) ok i have a slight problem my 6yr old has been talking about librarys in school and she has visited the school library but the teacher has mentioned the local library and lots of the children are talking about it. Now maddie really wants to go to the libray before the end of the book week they arehaving at school the only problem i have is that the only time i can take her is after school tommorw but my 4yr old and i have had a chat because we went today and the whole quit thing didnt quite sink in and we had to leave as she had a major paddie because she wanted a video. Maddie was very upset and i have promised to take her tomorrow but i have no one to mind carly so she will have to come please i need all the help i can get to controll carly so maddie enjoys herself. INO I HAVE ALREADY ASKED THIS IN PREGNANCY BUT IT WAS AN ACCIDENT SORRY

A) This is what I do with mine.. and I have 4. Before we go in (the store, the library, anywhere) I look at them in the eye, on their level. Then I calmly and firmly tell them what I expect from them while we are in the library. (quiet, stay with me, don't touch, etc.) Then when you are in the library, if they don't follow the rules you lay out, you take them immediately (one warning) to the bathroom and spank them. Only on the behind, and never in anger. When children realize that they have to listen even when you are out, they will begin to do so. You have to stick with what you say and follow through. And, I have a 2 year old, and he understands that there are certain things that he is expected to do when he is out somewhere. Kids will only give us what we require of them. Good luck!!

Ipod Library - Songs Not Showing Up??

Q) Some songs that I recently added onto my iPod are not showing up in my main library on my iPod (however they do show up in iTunes)... the other strange thing is that they are played when I use "shuffle songs", but I'd like to be able to select them in the library too. Can anybody help please? Any advice much appreciated.

A) open itunes up, hover over the shuffle playlist and drag/drop it into the main itunes library.....

Why do you not use your local library for help with your homework?

Q) Most libraries in the UK offer free internet access as well as reference and lending books on all subjects. In my Authority, all libraries have twice weekly Homework Zones with dedicated helpers. In libraries that don't have dedicated workers, the library staff have been helping young people with their homework since libraries began! If there is a problem with resources and noise from children at your library, fill in a comments form or speak to the staff to see if they can help. You should come and live in Hull, we don't buy Mills and Boon any more!!!! Trey - many libraries are staffed by cute girls nowadays!

A) Because our local library is crap. It has shelves of Mills and Boon but very little else! The computers are right near the children's section and it is impossible to concentrate because of the noise the little brats make! You are also limited to one hour a day on the computer. Once you get onto serious study, that is not enough. The library only does things with the tiny kids. No homework clubs etc. here! I would love to have a decent library but it is not going to happen - but a few useful books would be nice!

iTunes - adding songs to library?

Q) Hi, every time I open a file to listen to it, the song gets added to my iTunes library. Is there anyway I can stop iTunes adding songs I listen to to my library automatically? Sometimes I only want to listen to the song - not add it to my library! Thanks!

A) Unset Itunes as your default settings. Go to Preferences unclick default player box. Good Luck

hi all. library policies?

Q) please am requesting for inputs on drafting these policies - library policy - library material selection policy your ideas will be highly appreciated. you can attach your inputs to estherobadiah@yahoo.com kind regards

A) http://www.alliancelibrarysystem.com/CEpdf/Public_Library_Selection_Policy.pdf http://www.alliancelibrarysystem.com/CEpdf/School_Library_Selection_Policy.pdf

Library Career How to?

Q) What experience or education do I need to get a library job, public or private? I've heard that I have to get a Masters in Library Science to be a librarian, but not all the people that work at libraries have this...and if I do need to get a degree how can I get a part time job in a library while I working towards it. Any advice on this topic would be helpful...

A) It depends if you want to become a qualified librarian or if you just want to have some kind of job in a library. In order to be a Librarian you need to complete a degree in Librarianship or Information Management. There are plenty of other jobs within the libraries which don't require a degree though. Library Assistant jobs require you to be qualified to A Level and have a good level of customer care. A Library Assistants duties will be similar to that of a Librarian except you won't have the authority and will work under the Librarian. It's best to get as much experience working with the public as possible if you're thinking of applying for a library job. It's not the quiet, boring job it's billed to be. I work in a big library in London and am on the go all day. It's never boring and you're sure to meet a lot of characters each day. Good luck and i hope its works out for you

iTunes Library help...? >___

Q) I think there's something wrong with my iTunes Library...Everytime I try to open iTunes it says that "the itunes.itl cannot be found. itunes has tried to recover your files in itunes (damaged).itl" or something like that. When I press "OK," the iTunes library that opens up is a library that I had three days ago (December 14) Why is this? Why won't the files in my iTunes library be the ones that were there yesterday? Some of the playlists I created yesterday are also gone. Did my library stop automatically saving itself in my "iTunes" folder in "my Music"? How do I fix this?? By the way, I have Windows and I have iTunes 7. Please help? i have to reimport all the new songs EVERY SINGLE TIME i open iTunes...what's wrong with my stupid itunes library?!?!?!?

A) Reimport your new songs.

Library Collection?

Q) My local library is trying to collect on books they say I never returned in 2003.... Funny thing is I havent used the local library in 10 YEARS so I know this is not mine!! How can they do this. I have ask the library to remove it and they wont help me, they just tell me to contact the collection agency. The collection agency is just telling me to pay it, They cant even PROVE IT!!!... All they will send me and a computer print out of a list of books and a timeline of the collection process. They state that this is all that is required by the FDCPA. I will not pay it... what can I do???????????

A) No, a computer print out and a time line is not proper validation. You need to make a papertrail when you contact the collection agency. When you send them debt validation letters, be sure to send them certified mail return receipt (CMRRR). I would suggest sending them another letter (CMRRR) and tell them that a computer print out is not validation by any stretch of the imagination. And that you are requesting proper validation. I don't know how many times you have sent letters to them but if you sent at least two, give them 15 days to respond to this letter. If they don't respond or if they respond with the same crap, file complaints with the BBB, FTC, your attorney general and their attorney general. Include copies of the letters (yours and theirs) with your FTC and AG complaints. Also, check your state laws to see if collection agency's are supposed to be licensed and/or bonded to collect in your state. Then check and see if they are licensed and/or bonded in your state. I did a search on the credit repair site that I use and found a few library threads, so I think that the collection agency you are dealing with is probably the same...and they aren't known to be licensed alot of the time. I'm listing the credit repair site, you might do a search on them and see if you come up with anything.

Working in a library?

Q) What exactly do librarians do? What different types of libraries could they work in besides a public or school library? If I am interested in Children's Literature, do I have to specialize in it in Library Graduate School or are the library studies general? Where other than a library could I work and use my interest in Children's Literature?

A) Librarians do a wide range of tasks within the scope of their job, many of which are terribly boring just like any other job. If you want to just work in a library, you don't have to get a degree. Many community colleges have certification programs for library assistants. Maybe you should look into those first. In what ways are you interested in Childrens lit? Do you want to help children find great reads? Do you enjoy doing read alouds? If both apply to you, then I strongly suggest considering looking at elementary school libraries as a work objective. To be a school librarian you would most likely need an education degree with an additional certification in Library Media studies, but states do differ in requirements. You could also look into being an assistant, which is what I am. No, I don't make enough to live on, but I love what I do.

Library of Congress's budget is $600 million /year. Isn't it too much?

Q) I was just watching a C-SPAN program, and they explained that budget for US Library of Congress was $600 million (FY 2006), and they hire more than 4000 people. I know it's an important library, but considering that many digitized resouces are now available online, shouldn't they restructure the system to reduce the budget? I wonder why Bush administration has been increasing the budget for the library of congress, while they cut the basic science budget (NIH etc).

A) The library of Congress also houses very, very, top secret, eyes only, etc. etc. etc. documents dating very far back. Security for these documents (and the rest of the library) could add a few millions to that total. Not to mention every book ever written is housed there lol. If you want to know the specifics file a FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) on the budget of the Library of Congress. Then you can go through it line by line to see what they are paying for.

ITunes Library?

Q) I have all of my music for my intunes on my external harddrive. I had to completely wipe out my comptuer but i backed up my library and playlists or so i thought. When I put all my music and stuff back on my itunes it was not organized at all. How do I back up my entire library and playlists, so that If i were to reput it onto itunes again it would be organized. Also Everyonce in a while lots of songs in my itunes will all of the sudden say that it can not find the location. So I had to reo my entire library. Once again it would have been easier to just copy all my stuff back into the library. How can I do this ?? Please Help!

A) Copy the itunes folder, that is under my music. This will only work if you tell itunes to organize your files for you. You can also back up your entire library to CDS or DVD, its a built in feature. For more information go to: http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=302392 http://uneasysilence.com/how-to-backup-your-windows-itunes/

Library Volunteering Age?

Q) I wanted to volunteer at the local library for my Girl Scout Silver Award. I called the library and asked about volunteering. The lady asked how old I was and I said 13, and started to explain the reason (Girl Scout Project) and the lady cut me off and said that I need to be 16 and then hung up on me. Are all libraries like this? I hope not.

A) Not all libraries will be like that. A library could be worried about child labor laws and that's why they may set a policy of no one under 16 volunteering. Or they may want what they think is a certain maturity level. Any woman working on her Silver Award deserves the chance to volunteer though. You could try a different library or contact your local Friends of the Library group. They would most likely be happy for your help. Good luck.

Transferring music from RealPlayer library to itunes library?

Q) Ok, heres the question.I have tons of songs in my realplayer library. I just got an ipod and downloaded the itunes library thing. Now, i downloaded all my realplayer songs to the ipod and then later when i opened the itunes library i noticed that it erased all the realplayer songs i had downloaded into my ipod. so my questions are these: what can I do to stop from having my music that i got from my realplayer erased everytime i open up the itunes library? second, is there any way i can transfer all of my realplayer songs to my itunes library so i wont have this problem anymore??

A) you can transfer it!

Library of Congress's budget is $600 million /year. Isn't it too much?

Q) I was just watching a C-SPAN program, and they explained that budget for US Library of Congress was $600 million (FY 2006), and they hire more than 4000 people. I know it's an important library, but considering that many digitized resouces are now available online, shouldn't they restructure the system to reduce the budget? I wonder why Bush administration has been increasing the budget for the library of congress, while they cut the basic science budget (NIH etc).

A) Doesn't seem like lot of money to me. I think they lost more than that shipping money to Iraq. Remember news stories about people losing track of millions(or billions) of dollars in CASH? That was supposed to be sent to Iraq.

consolidating my itunes library?

Q) so at first i had all of my library on one hard drive (disk d), but later on i had to make it so that the default library was on a different disk/hard drive with more room (disk k) because it wouldnt fit on D. the bad thing is that i now have two copies of my library in 2 places, taking up alot of room, and my library still has alot of songs that are located on disk D. so i cant wipe out disk d, and replaying the songs so that they are all from K will take a long time.. so what im wondering is if consolidating my itunes library will fix this problem

About Library

Library

Questions and Answers

Sharing an iTunes library??

A) probabbly not possible, computers are mean..

The library are giving away free book packs to children, just thought id let all parents know.?

A) Thanks, I'll get on to it straight away. XXXX

Ipod library problems?

A) it shouldnt be doing that. when i download the lastest version of itunes...it doesnt wipe my music..it trasfers it all..hmm something is wrong there...

The library are giving away free book packs to children, just thought id let all parents know?

A) thank you for posting this. and to the kids I have one word- READ, READ, READ, and READ some more- you guys are the only way out of this mess that society is in

Ipod / Itunes library problem?

A) right click the track you want off the ipod and itunes and then click clear.

library-4yr old- HELP?

Ipod Library - Songs Not Showing Up??

A) open itunes up, hover over the shuffle playlist and drag/drop it into the main itunes library.....

Why do you not use your local library for help with your homework?

iTunes - adding songs to library?

Q) Hi, every time I open a file to listen to it, the song gets added to my iTunes library. Is there anyway I can stop iTunes adding songs I listen to to my library automatically? Sometimes I only want to listen to the song - not add it to my library! Thanks!

A) Unset Itunes as your default settings. Go to Preferences unclick default player box. Good Luck

hi all. library policies?

Q) please am requesting for inputs on drafting these policies - library policy - library material selection policy your ideas will be highly appreciated. you can attach your inputs to estherobadiah@yahoo.com kind regards

A) http://www.alliancelibrarysystem.com/CEpdf/Public_Library_Selection_Policy.pdf http://www.alliancelibrarysystem.com/CEpdf/School_Library_Selection_Policy.pdf

Library Career How to?

iTunes Library help...? >___

A) Reimport your new songs.

Library Collection?

Working in a library?

Library of Congress's budget is $600 million /year. Isn't it too much?

ITunes Library?

Library Volunteering Age?

Transferring music from RealPlayer library to itunes library?

A) you can transfer it!

Library of Congress's budget is $600 million /year. Isn't it too much?

A) Doesn't seem like lot of money to me. I think they lost more than that shipping money to Iraq. Remember news stories about people losing track of millions(or billions) of dollars in CASH? That was supposed to be sent to Iraq.

consolidating my itunes library?

A) Whatever is in your iTunes library will be saved to your computer when you consolidate it. I don't even use disks.

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