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About Japanese Garden



shows many of the typical elements of a Japanese garden.

Japanese gardens ([Kanji] 日本庭園, nihon teien), that is, gardens in traditional Japanese style, can be found at private homes, in neighborhood or city parks, at [Buddhist] [temple]s or [Jinja (shrine)]s, and at historical [landmark]s such as old [castle]s.

Many of the Japanese gardens most famous in the West, and within Japan as well, are dry gardens or [Japanese rock garden]s, karesansui. The tradition of the [Tea ceremony]s has produced highly refined Japanese gardens of quite another style, evoking rural simplicity. In Japanese culture, garden-making is a high art, intimately related to the linked arts of [calligraphy] and [ink painting]. Since the end of the nineteenth century, Japanese gardens have also been imitated in Western gardening.

The tradition of Japanese gardening was passed down from sensei to apprentice, in a rigorous apprenticeship that has remained unbroken since the fifteenth century. The opening words of Zōen's Illustrations for designing mountain, water and hillside field landscapes (1466) are "If you have not received the oral transmissions, you must not make gardens" and its closing admonition is "You must never show this writing to outsiders. You must keep it secret".The Illustrations, nevertheless, are translated and annotated in David A. Slawson, Secret Teachings in the Art of Japanese Gardens (New York/Tokyo: Kodansha 1987), which forms in effect an introduction to the text.

Typical features Influenced by [Chinese garden]s, a catalogue of features "typical" of the Japanese garden may be drawn up without inquiring deeply into the aesthetic underlying Japanese practice. Typical Japanese gardens contain several of these elements:
  • Water, real or symbolic.
  • Rocks.
  • A lantern, typically of stone.
  • A teahouse or pavilion.
  • A surrounding wall of traditional character.
  • An island fashioned in a manmade pond, thought to have been an innovation modelled on Chinese practice, that was introduced by the powerful court dignitary [Soga no Umako], about 620 CE.
  • A bridge to the island, or [stepping stone]s.
  • A "borrowed landscape" from beyond the garden's confines.


Shakkei (借景), "borrowed scenery," is a technique used to integrate the garden with mountains, buildings, or other objects outside its boundaries. A middleground element, often consisting of carefully maintained plantings, blocks unwanted elements and frames the desired view. This middleground integrates the "borrowed" view into the garden's design. The viewer is encouraged to see all three areas - foreground, middleground, and background - as a single garden.

Styles Japanese gardens might fall into one of these styles:
  • Pond gardens, for viewing from a boat.
  • Sitting gardens, for viewing from inside a building or on a veranda.
  • Tea gardens, for viewing from a path which leads to a [tea ceremony] hut.
  • Strolling gardens (kaiyū-shiki), for viewing a sequence of effects from a path which circumnavigates the garden. The seventeenth-century [Katsura] garden in Kyoto is a famous exemplar.
  • The dry landscape style (karesansui, karesenzui, kosansui, or kosensui 枯山水) originate from [zen] temples. These have no water and few plants, but typically evoke a feeling of water using pebbles and meticulously raked [gravel] or sand. Rocks chosen for their intriguing shapes and patterns, mosses, and low shrubs typify the karesansui style. The gardens at [Ryōan-ji], a temple in [Kyoto, Kyoto], and [Daisen-in], created in 1513, are particularly renowned.


Other gardens also use similar rocks for decoration. Some of these come from distant parts of Japan. In addition, [bamboo]s and related plants, [niwaki] including [Japanese black pine], and such deciduous trees as [maple]s grow above a carpet of [fern]s and [moss]es.

The use of stones, water, and plantings showing the use of stone, water and plantsThough often thought of as tranquil sanctuaries that allow individuals to escape from the stresses of daily life, Japanese gardens are designed for a variety of purposes. Most gardens invite quiet contemplation, but may have also been intended for recreation, the display of rare plant specimens, or the exhibition of unusual rocks.

Kaiyu-shiki or Strolling Gardens require the observer to walk through the garden to fully appreciate it. A premeditated path takes observers through each unique area of a Japanese garden. Uneven surfaces are placed in specific spaces to prompt people to look down at particular points. When the observer looks up, they will see an eye-catching ornamentation which is intended to enlighten and revive the spirit of the observer. This type of design is known as the Japanese landscape principle of "hide and reveal".

Traditional Japanese sensibility attests that stones are actual beings with spirits that need to be treated with reverence. Stones are used to construct the garden's paths, bridges, and walkways. Stones also represent mountains where actual mountains are not viewable or present. They are always placed in odd numbers and a majority of the groupings reflect triangular shapes.

A water source in a Japanese garden should appear to be part of the natural surroundings; this is why one will not find fountains in traditional gardens. Man-made streams are built with curves and irregularities to create a serene and natural appearance. Lanterns are often placed beside some of the most prominent water basins (either a pond or a stream) in a garden representing the female and the male elements of water and fire. In Japanese tradition this is known as [yin and yang]. In some gardens one will find a dry pond or stream. Dry ponds and streams have as much impact as do the ones filled with water.

Green plants are the third element of Japanese gardens. Japanese traditions prefer minimal color so the use of flowers is generally parsimonious. Plants with colorful blooms are mostly used near a garden's entrance. Many plants in imitated Japanese gardens of the West are indigenous to Japan, though some sacrifices must be made to account for the differentiating climates. Some plants, such as sugar maple and firebush, give the garden a broader palette of seasonal color.

Noteworthy Japanese gardens In Japan , near [Kumamoto Castle]

The [Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)] of the government of [Japan] designates the most notable of the nation's scenic beauty as Special Places of Scenic Beauty, under the [Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties].http://www.mext.go.jp/english/org/eshisaku/ebunka.htm. As of March 1, 2007, 29 sites are listed, more than a half of which are Japanese gardens, as below;

Bold faces specify World Heritage sites.

  • [Tohoku Region]
    • [Mōtsū-ji] Garden ([Hiraizumi, Iwate])
  • [Kantō region]
    • [Rikugi-en] ([Bunkyo, Tokyo])
    • [Koishikawa Korakuen Garden] ([Bunkyo, Tokyo])
    • Kyu [Hamarikyu Gardens] ([Chūō, Tokyo])
  • [Chūbu region]
    • [Kenroku-en] ([Kanazawa, Ishikawa])
    • Gyokusen-enhttp://www.gyokusen-en.com ([Kanazawa, Ishikawa])
    • The garden of [Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins] ([Fukui, Fukui])
  • [Kansai Region]
    • [Ginkaku-ji] Garden ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • [Nijō Castle] Ninomaru Garden ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • [Rokuon-ji] Garden ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • [Ryōan-ji] Garden ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • [Tenryu-ji] Garden ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • The garden of Daishoin in Nishi [Hongan-ji] ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • The garden of Sanbōin in [Daigo-ji] ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • The [moss] garden of [Saihō-ji] (the "Moss Temple") ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • [Daitoku-ji] Garden ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • Ruins of [Kongōhōin] Garden ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • The garden of [Daisenin] in [Daitoku-ji] ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • The garden of Konchiin in [Nanzen-ji] ([Kyoto, Kyoto])
    • [Jōruri-ji] Garden ([Kizugawa, Kyoto])
    • The garden of Sakyō-Sanjō-Nibō-no-Miya in [Heijō Kyō] ([Nara, Nara])
  • [Chūgoku region]
    • [Koraku-en] ([Okayama, Okayama])
  • [Shikoku] Region
    • [Ritsurin Park] ([Takamatsu, Kagawa])
  • [Ryūkyū Islands]
    • [Shikina-en] ([Naha, Okinawa])


However, the Education Minister is not eligible to have jurisdiction over any imperial property. These two gardens, administered by [Imperial Household Agency], are also considered to be great masterpieces.

  • [Katsura Imperial Villa]http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/regional/kyoto/katsura.html
  • [Shugaku-in Imperial Villa]http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/regional/kyoto/shugaku-in.html




In other countries The aesthetic of Japanese gardens was introduced to the English-speaking community by Josiah Conder's Landscape Gardening in Japan ((Kelly & Walsh) 1893. It sparked the first Japanese gardens in the West. A second edition was required in 1912.Slawson 1987:15 and note2. Conder's principles have sometimes proved hard to follow: "Robbed of its local garb and mannerisms, the Japanese method reveals aesthetic principles applicable to the gardens of any country, teaching, as it does, how to convert into a poem or picture a composition, which, with all its variety of detail, otherwise lacks unity and intent"Conder quoted in Slawson 1987:15.

Samuel Newsom, Japanese Garden Construction (1939) offered Japanese aesthetic as a corrective in the construction of [rock garden]s, which owed their quite separate origins in the West to the mid-nineteenth century desire to grow alpines in an approximation of Alpine scree.

Argentina
  • The [Buenos Aires Japanese Garden] ([Jardín Japonés de Buenos Aires] http://www.jardinjapones.org.ar/portada.htm), of the [Fundación Cultural Argentino Japonesa] .


Australia
  • [Cowra, New South Wales#Japanese Garden], [Cowra, New South Wales]
  • Frankston High School
  • [Himeji Gardens, Adelaide]
  • Melbourne Zoo
  • [Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha#Japanese Garden], Brisbane


Belgium
  • Japanse tuin (http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanse_Tuin_(Hasselt), [Hasselt]
Brazil
  • [Parque Santos Dummont], [São José dos Campos], [São Paulo]
  • [Bosque Municipal Fábio Barreto], [Ribeirão Preto], [São Paulo]


Canada
  • [Nitobe Memorial Garden], [Vancouver], [British Columbia]
  • [The Japanese Garden and Pavilion], [Jardin Botanique de Montreal] [Montreal Botanical Garden], [Quebec]


Ireland
  • The Japanese Gardens at the [Irish National Stud], [Kildare], [Co. Kildare]


Poland
  • The Japanese Garden in [Wrocław] - founded 1913, restored 1996-1997, destroyed by flood, restored 1999


United Kingdom England
  • [Dartington Hall], [Devon]
  • [Harewood House], [Leeds]
  • [Holland Park], [London]
  • [Tatton Park], [Cheshire]
  • [School of Oriental and African Studies], [London]
Northern Ireland
  • [Sir Thomas and Lady Dixon Park], Belfast
Scotland
  • [Lauriston Castle], [Edinburgh]—garden opened 2002


United States of America
  • [Anderson Japanese Gardens] ([Rockford, Illinois])
  • [Brooklyn Botanical Gardens] ([Brooklyn, NY])
  • [Chicago Botanic Garden] ([Glencoe, Illinois])
  • [Earl Burns Miller Japanese Garden] at [Long Beach State]
  • [Fort Worth Japanese Garden] at the [Fort Worth Botanic Garden] ([Fort Worth, Texas])
  • [Hakone Gardens] ([Saratoga, California])
  • [The Huntington], [San Marino], [California].
  • [Ro Ho En] ([Phoenix, Arizona])
  • [Japanese tea garden at Golden Gate Park] at [Golden Gate Park] ([San Francisco, California])
  • Morikami Japanese Gardens and Museum in ([Delray Beach, Florida])
  • [Portland Japanese Garden], [Portland, Oregon]
  • [Roji-en Japanese Gardens] at the [Morikami Museum and Japanese Gardens] ([Delray Beach, Florida])
  • [San Antonio Japanese Tea Gardens] ([San Antonio, Texas])
  • [Seattle Japanese Garden] at the [Washington Park Arboretum], [Kubota Garden] ([Seattle, Washington])
  • [Seiwa-en] at the [Missouri Botanical Garden] ([St. Louis, Missouri])
  • [Yuko-En on the Elkhorn] in [Georgetown, Kentucky]


See also
  • [Japanese rock garden]
  • [Japanese Friendship Garden]
  • [Tea garden]
  • [Chinese garden]
  • [Korean gardens]
  • [Niwaki]
  • [Koi]


Notes

External links
  • Japanese Garden Design
  • Japan - Oguchi Teien Green Exterior
  • Jgarden — Japanese Garden Database
  • Meditations on the Japanese Garden
  • Paradise - The Gardens of Tokyo : a portfolio of photographs by Tim Porter
  • About Japanese gardens: Pictures and links
  • Art & Culture of Japan:Japanese gardens with Pictures
  • The Modern Japanese Garden
  • Japanese Garden Bridges and photographs of Japanese Garden bridges.
  • Japanese Garden and Pavilion, Montreal


References
  • Slawson, David A. Secret Teachings in the Art of Japanese Gardens (New York/Tokyo: Kodansha) 1987


Information Reference: Wikipedia.org


Japanese garden

Questions and Answers

how to plan & design a japanese garden?

Q) I would like to create a japanese garden on a shoe string budget in a small area of my garden.I also want a water feature in it with hopefully a bridge.Big wish list .I work well with pictures which i can relate to.

A) Hope the links below help you create the Japanese garden with a bridge! http://www.aboutjapanesegardens.org/ http://www.mojg.org/ http://www.jgarden.org/ http://www.tokyo-gardens.com/ http://images.google.com/images?q=japanese+garden&hl=en&lr=&rls=GGLR,GGLR:2005-43,GGLR:en&sa=X&oi=images&ct=title http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_garden

Japanese knotweed encroaching into our garden?

Q) We recently moved into a house where the garden backs onto a railway line. The screen of what i thought was bamboo turns out to be the dreaded japanese knotweed. The vast majority of it seems to be behind our fence, on the track verges, but shoots are showing up in our garden. I assume this will be the council's responsibility to sort out?

A) It is illegal to allow or cause the spread ofJapanese Knotweed in the UK. Find out who owns the land - probably British Rail. You could easily take them to court over this. In the meantime you want to stop this spreading into your property. Pulling it up isnt the answer as then you have to dispose of it as 'specialised waste' - otherwise YOU are breaking the law. The easiest thing to do is to spray it with Glyphosate at the start and end of the growing season - that will cool its courage. Do this over a few years and you should kill the plant but dont forget, it will still keep coming into your property from the railway side if they do not take measure to eradicate it. The plant can spread from small fragments of its roots and stems so IF you do decide to start cutting it, the best thing you can do is burn the material in a brazier or old oil drum.

Where can i get hold of some japanese style garden furniture in the UK?

Q) I'm looking for low, just off the ground, wooden furniture that can be left outside permanently.

A) Man, I have looked and looked for something for ya, but am unable to locate wooden garden benches, japanese style in the uk! Have you considered building one? Either yourself or having it done... Try these sites for alternative ideas: http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/gl_design_asian/article/0,1785,HGTV_3563_2758755,00.html Homemade rock benches http://www.handymanwire.com/articles/benchplans.html http://www.popularmechanics.com/home_improvement/furniture/1273381.html http://www.hurd.it/category_g/garden/oriental+garden.html Have you considered a granite bench? I've seen alot of references to those...and in Japanese styles. Happy Gardening!

i have japanese hornets in my garden has anyone else seen them around?

A) Recently several companies in Asia and Europe have begun to manufacture dietary supplements and energy drinks which contain synthetic versions of secretions of the larvae of Vespa mandarinia, which the adult hornets usually consume. The manufacturers of these products make claims that consuming the larval hornet secretions will enhance human endurance because of the effect it has on adult hornets' performance.

how do get rid of Japanese Knotweed from my garden?

A) an effective way would be to stick a bamboo cane in the ground so the weed grows up it. put on some thick rubber gloves and get some weedkiller in a bucket. put your hands in the killer and then squeeze the weed with your killer covered gloves. do this all the way from the top to the bottom of the cane, covering all of the weed. the killer will be carried to the roots and kill it slowly. you may have to try this more than once. doing it this way means that you can still have healthy plants next to it as the killer is not applied to the soil. hope this makes sense, so much easier if i could just show you.

Moss Garden? What planting or features will be suitable for a mossy area that was once lawn?

Q) Ever since my neighbour put up a high, solid fence my lawn has become overtaken with moss. Having given up fighting a loosing battle against it, I am thinking of turning it into a feature, maybe a moss garden, or Japanese garden. The only other thing that is thriving at the moment is a Forsythia, but I'd like some ideas please. The fence is on the south west side of the garden with a large yew tree (neighbour's) to the south, and the house on the north west so not much sun on that strip. Just to say that I tend to forget this is a global sight, and I am in UK but any good ideas and suggestions are welcome.

A) First of all your neighbour shouldnt have his fence any higher than 6ft. Before you decide to build a moss or Japanese garden you should remember that most Japanese garden plants need quite a bit of sunlight,so why don't you just start by using some shade loving plants and proggress from there, take your time with it and see whats going to do well and whats not, and if eventually you want to turn the area into a Japanese garden at a later stage then at least you will have an idea what will survive and what will not. These plants are in an area of shade in my garden, Hosta, pauls glory a larger hosta that seems to glow in the shade. Sweet woodruff, it has delicate white flowers in the spring it is a good ground cover plant. Astilbe, a great plant for the shade it has lovely foliage and flowers. Liriope it is considered to be a lover of the sun but it dose very well in the shade Bleeding heart is another lovely plant for the shade with either red, pink or white flowers. Solomonseal is a tall plant of about 1m, lovely white flowers and the foliage is great as well. Hellebores flower in spring when ther is not much else. Hardy geranium will do very well in shade witha brilliant show, there are many varietys to choose from. Try Heuchera purple palace, it needs some dappled shade but it will do well. I hope these will give you a good idea to be getting on with. There is many a beautiful garden in the shade. Professional Gardner for 30 odd yrs.

can I take a large japanese maple shrub out of the ground now to transplant in another garden?

Q) we are selling the house..Also herbs and a ceoanthus??

A) You do not say HOW large the Maple is, obviously it must be of handleable size for you to take it.Normally October/November would be the time to move it but i assume you cannot wait that long. Water the plant about two days before removing then dig as big a hole as you can around the plant and as deep as you can in order to get as much root as possible. Make sure before you start that you have a large container or some old sacking ready to take your plant. Once the plant is free of the ground then slide under it the sacking to support the root ball, try to disturb this ball as little as possible. Once out put in container if no wrap up over the sacking with polythene (several bin liners will do) and tie the top leaving enough room to water it, be careful not to drown it and also don't let it dry out. Put it somewhere shady and wind free and the same when you get the other end. The herbs i would not bother with, better with new stock. If you have to take the ceoanthus then treat the same way as maple. Good luck with plants and move.

english pokemon garden?

Q) ive seen the japanese pokemon garden on yahoo but is there an english version? it is a japanese website on yahoo

A) what is pokemon garden ? is it a new game for nintendo ? what console ? what i know is nintendo gonna release pokemon mystery dungeon; pokemon diamond n pearl; and pokemon battle revolution

japanese female mannequin.?

Q) im building a japanese tea house in my garden and wish to have a full size female mannequin of the geisha ,where i can see it all light up as it was a shop window display. brillant. but do not know where and how i can get one!

A) http://www.universaldisplay.co.uk/listing.asp?t=f&r=11 there are manikins sitting down < i assume that you could just dress one in a kimono...?

How territorial are Japanese t*ts / chickadees?

Q) We have a pair of resident Japanese t*ts in a nesting box in our garden. If we put up another box about 15m away in another tree, will this encourage other birds to nest, or will it cause territorial problems?

A) I have several families nesting and eating around my yard, I don't think they are very territorial. (not like the cardinals are)

Japanese torii gate in garden?

Q) Ok again I have a Japanese garden, so all the Japanese garden enthusiest need to reply lol. Well I want a shinto torii gate in my back yard...I know how to make it and everything but I dunno wether I should have it as a gate or build a shinto shrine for it. I had the very back yard cleaned out and now I really don't know what to do with the torii gate if I make one. If I do have a shinto shrine built I think it would look odd with the way I'm goin to set up the yard now that the brush is cleared away...so I want to know what everyone thinks?....torii with shrine...or torii with out shrine and used as a garden gate?

A) Well since traditionally torii only lead into shrines that would be the correct thing to do. But if your not a person that is into worshiping or praying at a shrine than I would just have it as a gate. I really like the idea. And it's not as if you don't know about torii and shrines. I highly doubt most Americans would even know that the torii always leads into shrines and I don't really think any Japanese people would be offended either. If anything at all they would admire your clear respect for their culture.

Has Anyone been to a Japanese Garden before? What was it Like?

Q) I want to go visit a Japanese Garden near Balboa, and I want to get some personal feedback on what to expect when I get there.

A) I have been to several. They are all different, but still invoke similar feelings. Plan to spend some time there, don't just run through looking at the plants. Sit on the benches, dwell on the bridges, watch the koi fish, relax. Bring a camera if you want. I usually do but soon forget that I have it. The focus of the gardens is the observer, not the exhibits. And you do not have to be a Zen Master to appreciate this. Have a great time.

Why can't we speak in Japanese garden?

Q) Even if we speak silently, it is not allowed at the entrance of Japanese garden. Are there any reasons? Thanks for everyone who answer my question. ^^

A) A Japanese garden is there to reflect and meditate. It is a bit like a church, you just disturb other people by talking, eating or making noises!

Does anyone know where I can find a Japanese Garden in Salt Lake City?

Q) I want to have my wedding reception in a Japanese Garden. Does anyone know of any in the Salt Lake area? I am also looking for pictures of the venue online.

A) There is one at this spa: http://www.thekuradoor.com/about/reviews.html Here's some additional information: http://www.thekuradoor.com/about/reviews.html It looks like the Salt Palace Convention Center may have one. Here's the website for it: http://www.saltpalace.com/ Also, if there are any Japanese hotels in the area, check with them. One Japanese hotel in Los Angeles (The New Otani) has a japanese garden.

Help with Japanese rock garden?

Q) I want to create a Japanese Rock garden in front of the house, the are is 30 feet by 7 feet. I just bought me a small lime rock got them delivered this morning. After laying them on the ground, what is your idea / recommendation to get the look? I have seen MANY photos, but I know it wont be like that unless you hire a professional or spend tons of money. WOULD YOU PUT A SOLAR LIGHTS like so popular in the US? Along the edge of the rock garden? or not?

A) position the stones so that from any view there is a stone behind another . night lights around the edge is a good idea

How much would a quarter acre japanese garden cost to build?

Q) I know there's a wide range, but please give me your best guess. Please include choices of styles and effect on cost as well. It's for my university garden club's project, and we'd like an idea of expenses as we begin our design process!

A) Depends. Range between $ 1000.00 to $ 50 000.00

Where is the best Japanese garden is the United States?

A) at the Japanese embassy ♂♂

Where is the best Japanese garden is the United States?

A) The very best exclusively Japanese Garden I've seen was when I was a child and visited San Francisco. http://www.sfpt.org/jtg_tours.html On the other hand, the best overall garden that I've seen was not in the United States... but close: http://www.butchartgardens.com/

What is the difference between a Japanese garden and a european garden?

A) I Don't know about Japanese Gardens, but I know when we do "European Gardens" at the Floral Shop, the plants remain in their own containers when arranged and combined into a larger one. In a regular "Dish Garden" all the plants are arranged and planted into a larger container.

plants for a small japanese garden,mostly shade?

Q) so sorry....I live in Myrtle Beach,S.C..very hot and humid summers..usually mild winters I have a red japanese maple which I put in a pot...

A) Bonsai trees and bamboo

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